Pakistan’s role exists within a “hierarchy of global influence”. While it can create diplomatic openings, it cannot insulate them from the interventions, or the indifference, of major powers. This underscores a broader reality of contemporary diplomacy: “middle powers can initiate processes, but they rarely control their trajectory”, writes Almas Haider Naqvi.
If one of the major Persian Gulf countries switches to a model of independent production maximisation, other producers dissatisfied with the strict restrictions may adopt a similar logic, writes Igbal Guliyev.
On May 12–13 in Gelendzhik, the Valdai Discussion Club will hold its sixth Central Asian Conference, titled “Russia and Central Asia: Navigating the New World Order”.
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