Abstract Rumination, as a cognitive process contributing to the persistence of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), can be measured using the Rumination on Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (ROCS), a reliable measure of the scales of mental neutralizing, symptom rumination, and acceptance. However, the previous validation study had some limitations, including a relatively small sample size and a failure to evaluate the overall factor structure. The present study aimed to validate the ROCS and assess its ability to predict OCD symptoms in an Iranian sample of OCD (n = 300), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 150), and healthy individuals (n = 300). The findings revealed a three-factor structure [...]
Abstract Two studies explored whether Hated Self and Inadequate Self forms of self-criticism demonstrate different relationships to self-critical rumination (SCR), metacognitive beliefs, decentering and psychopathology. In study 1, 137 community participants experiencing SCR completed an online questionnaire battery. Self-hate was associated with higher SCR, stronger positive and negative metabeliefs about SCR, higher psychopathology and nonreactivity to internal experiences. Effects of Inadequate Self on psychopathology were fully mediated by SCR whereas Hated Self exerted direct effects on psychopathology alongside indirect effects via SCR. Study 2 explored whether higher self-hate attenuated the ability to detach from SCR triggers. Twenty-three participants received a [...]
Abstract Personality dysfunction operationalized as impairment in self- and interpersonal functioning is a characteristic of personality disorders. The metacognitive model suggests that dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs are a common cause of psychological disorders, but the relevance and importance of metacognitions for personality dysfunction is less explored and was the objective for the current study. In a sample of 1278 individuals, we conducted a multiple hierarchical regression analysis to test the predictive role of metacognitive beliefs for personality dysfunction. We found a unique and independent contribution from negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry and lower cognitive confidence to personality [...]
Abstract The factors driving excessive reassurance seeking in obsessive–compulsive disorder are incompletely understood. We investigated whether low memory confidence, which drives compulsive checking, may also lead to excessive reassurance seeking during a novel in vivo contamination-based task. Undergraduates (N = 91) completed a memory test and received sham positive or negative performance feedback. Participants then viewed a complicated cleaning video and completed a corresponding cleaning task whilst their reassurance seeking was covertly coded. Afterwards, participants rated their anxiety, confidence, and experimenter responsibility for task outcomes. The novel laboratory task induced high levels of reassurance seeking from participants (median = 5 reassurance requests). There was [...]
Abstract This study investigates the relation between eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and insomnia symptoms in Iran. Using network analysis with Iranian participants (N = 1956) who completed the Farsi versions of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (F-EDE-Q) and the Insomnia Severity Index (F-ISI), we identified central and bridge symptoms within the ED and insomnia network. Central symptoms included a strong desire to lose weight, discomfort in seeing one’s body, and fear of weight gain. Symptoms that served as bridges between ED and insomnia included difficulties in staying asleep, the impact of sleep problems on quality of life, and the influence of body shape on [...]
Youth represent a vulnerable developmental period associated with significant sleep and circadian changes. One notable change is the increased eveningness, which refers to a tendency for later sleep and daily activities. Eveningness has been associated with various adverse outcomes in young individuals, including compromised sleep, mental health, and physical well-being.1,2 As such, it is imperative to develop effective interventions to address these issues. While some evidence suggests short-term benefits of interventions targeting circadian problems,3 the extent of our knowledge regarding the long-term impact on youth remains uncertain. [...]
Discrimination and structural factors that promote discrimination and sociocultural inequities are social determinants of health that contribute to poorer health outcomes among minoritized youth. Discrimination consists of institutional or individual-level biases leading to disparate and unequitable access to resources. If individuals are aware of these experiences and their impact on one’s own ability to access resources or opportunities, individuals may self-report these occurrences. Experiences of discrimination, and one’s personal experience of discrimination at individual, social and/or institutional levels have been shown to contribute to worse psychiatric outcomes through emergence of, and increased severity of psychopathology, reduced access to treatment, decreased [...]
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) first entered the psychiatric nosology with the 2013 publication of DSM-5. Unlike binge eating disorder (BED), which was also new to DSM-5 but which had first been described by Stunkard in 1959,1,2 ARFID had never been described in the psychiatric literature as a single diagnostic entity. The new diagnosis encompassed clinical constructs that were previously proposed and studied but not described in DSM (i.e., causes of “non-organic failure to thrive” including infantile anorexia and post-traumatic feeding disorder,3 and extreme food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder4) and DSM-IV’s Feeding Disorder of Infancy and Early [...]
Few studies have explored the interplay of how individual identity, parental, familial, and contextual factors impact associations between Latinx adolescent adversities and psychopathology. This study aimed to examine if these factors mediate the relationship between adversities and psychopathology in Latinx youth. [...]
Twelve-year-old Oliver was referred to child and adolescent mental health services due to school refusal. Oliver had always struggled at school. He was often in trouble for not listening to instructions in class and when he tried to join in games with his peers during break, they often laughed at him. Sometimes he lashed out, but when he was asked about what happened by the teachers, he couldn’t explain his side of the story. Recently Oliver had become anxious and withdrawn and had refused to attend school. [...]
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, EarlyView. [...]
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, EarlyView. [...]
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, EarlyView. [...]
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, EarlyView. [...]
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Volume 65, Issue 8, Page 1022-1036, August 2024. [...]
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