{"id":2489,"date":"2025-11-11T14:12:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T17:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/?p=2489"},"modified":"2025-11-11T14:12:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T17:12:38","slug":"rota-da-seda-digital-a-emenda-legislativa-de-2025-e-a-projecao-normativa-chinesa-por-victoria-de-aquino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/2025\/11\/11\/rota-da-seda-digital-a-emenda-legislativa-de-2025-e-a-projecao-normativa-chinesa-por-victoria-de-aquino\/","title":{"rendered":"Rota da Seda Digital: a emenda legislativa de 2025 e a proje\u00e7\u00e3o normativa chinesa por Vict\u00f3ria de Aquino"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Rota da Seda Digital (Digital Silk Road \u2014 DSR) constitui, na pr\u00e1tica, um vetor de proje\u00e7\u00e3o normativa e infraestrutural cuja efic\u00e1cia geopol\u00edtica depende diretamente da exist\u00eancia de um <\/span><b>corpus jur\u00eddico nacional<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que legitime e operacionalize, interna e externamente, a soberania digital chinesa. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sob essa premissa, a DSR para al\u00e9m de ser um conjunto de projetos f\u00edsicos \u2014 incluindo cabos submarinos de alta capacidade, centros de dados distribu\u00eddos e redes 5G de \u00faltima gera\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014, converge tamb\u00e9m como mecanismo de <\/span><b>difus\u00e3o de modelos regulat\u00f3rios:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ao exportar estrutura informacional e tecnol\u00f3gica, Pequim simultaneamente promove padr\u00f5es administrativos e obriga\u00e7\u00f5es legais que se coadunam com a doutrina da \u201csoberania cibern\u00e9tica\u201d \u2014 ou seja, a ideia de que Estados det\u00eam compet\u00eancia plena para disciplinar fluxos de dados e operar restri\u00e7\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a dentro de seus territ\u00f3rios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Essa t\u00e9nue articula\u00e7\u00e3o entre projeto infraestrutural e regula\u00e7\u00e3o normativa torna a recente <\/span><b>emenda \u00e0 Lei de Ciberseguran\u00e7a aprovada em 28 de outubro de 2025<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> particularmente relevante: a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de um artigo espec\u00edfico sobre intelig\u00eancia artificial (IA) \u2014 com dispositivos destinados a <\/span><b>apoiar pesquisa,<\/b> <b>criar infraestrutura de dados, disciplinar algoritmos, impor normas \u00e9ticas e instituir mecanismos de monitoramento e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de riscos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 <\/span><b>converte o aparato normativo dom\u00e9stico em instrumento de pol\u00edtica externa tecnol\u00f3gica.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Outrossim, a emenda operacionaliza compet\u00eancias administrativas (avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de impacto algor\u00edtmico; auditorias de conformidade; exig\u00eancias de rastreabilidade de dados sens\u00edveis) e refor\u00e7a a coer\u00eancia entre o regime da Lei de Ciberseguran\u00e7a, a Lei de Seguran\u00e7a de Dados e a Lei de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Pessoais (China.org.cn; SCIO\/State Council Information Office, 2025). Destarte, essa estrutura normativa assegura a base jur\u00eddica necess\u00e1ria para que contratos, padr\u00f5es de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o e regimes de interoperabilidade estabelecidos no \u00e2mbito da DSR sejam amparados por obriga\u00e7\u00f5es legais exequ\u00edveis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No \u00e2mbito regulat\u00f3rio, a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o funciona como <\/span><b>mecanismo de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de normas e padr\u00f5es<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ou seja, pa\u00edses que recebem investimentos DSR s\u00e3o convidados a adotar modelos de governan\u00e7a que <\/span><b>priorizam territorialidade e controles de transfer\u00eancia de dados, o que cria padr\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicos-jur\u00eddicos compat\u00edveis com o ordenamento chin\u00eas e, assim, reduz custos jur\u00eddicos e operacionais para fornecedores e operadores. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(DINH TON; VU, 2025) No continente africano, particularmente, a DSR materializa\u2011se atrav\u00e9s de coopera\u00e7\u00f5es bilaterais e multilaterais com Estados como Qu\u00eania, Nig\u00e9ria, Eti\u00f3pia e Ruanda, voltadas \u00e0 implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de redes 5G, centros de dados, cabos submarinos e iniciativas de cidades inteligentes, inserindo\u2011se em um quadro de soberania tecnol\u00f3gica compat\u00edvel com os requisitos chineses de regula\u00e7\u00e3o digital (Agbebi,\u202f2021). Em consequ\u00eancia, a emenda de 2025 \u00e0 legisla\u00e7\u00e3o da Cybersecurity Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China \u2014 ao institucionalizar a supervis\u00e3o estatal sobre sistemas de intelig\u00eancia artificial (IA) \u2014 mitiga as incertezas regulat\u00f3rias em projetos da Digital Silk Road que envolvem an\u00e1lise massiva de dados, computa\u00e7\u00e3o em alto desempenho e servi\u00e7os de nuvem, permitindo que contratos internacionais contemplem cl\u00e1usulas de conformidade baseadas em mandatos e obriga\u00e7\u00f5es previstos pela pr\u00f3pria legisla\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa (NPC,\u202f2025).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No plano da seguran\u00e7a jur\u00eddica internacional, a conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o entre DSR e a nova emenda cria dois efeitos geopol\u00edticos principais: (1) <\/span><b>padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: a China passa a dispor de normas dom\u00e9sticas com efeito regulat\u00f3rio extraterritorial impl\u00edcito sobre entidades que operem em redes conectadas \u00e0 sua infraestrutura, o que permite a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de regimes de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o, auditoria e responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o coletiva; e (2) <\/span><b>fragmenta\u00e7\u00e3o normativa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: o fortalecimento de um modelo sino-soberanista incrementa os custos de interoperabilidade com regimes jur\u00eddicos que adotam princ\u00edpios contr\u00e1rios (por exemplo, fluxos quase-livres de dados ou prote\u00e7\u00f5es individuais de tipo GDPR \u2014 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cRegulamento Geral de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> da Uni\u00e3o Europeia), provocando uma reconfigura\u00e7\u00e3o da arquitetura legal internacional do ciberespa\u00e7o e abrindo espa\u00e7o para blocos normativos concorrentes (NPC, 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nesse panorama, o bloco BRICS promove um projeto de car\u00e1ter excepcionalmente ambicioso: a implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de uma rede pr\u00f3pria de cabos de fibra \u00f3ptica conectando integralmente seus Estados-membros, destinada a reduzir a depend\u00eancia das infraestruturas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o dominadas por Estados Unidos e aliados, projetando uma resili\u00eancia digital estrat\u00e9gica e consolidando autonomia tecnol\u00f3gica em escala global (BRICS Today, 2025). Simultaneamente, a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o em 5G, liderada por China e \u00cdndia em articula\u00e7\u00e3o com empresas russas e brasileiras, busca expandir a cobertura, a confiabilidade e a seguran\u00e7a da rede m\u00f3vel, sinalizando a possibilidade de defini\u00e7\u00e3o de padr\u00f5es tecnol\u00f3gicos independentes e competitivos internacionalmente (DrishtiIAS, 2020). Infere-se, por fim, que a integra\u00e7\u00e3o dos sistemas de navega\u00e7\u00e3o GLONASS e BeiDou \u2014 russos e chineses, respectivamente \u2014 aliada ao desenvolvimento de centros de dados regionais e servi\u00e7os de computa\u00e7\u00e3o em nuvem e sat\u00e9lite, refor\u00e7a a soberania digital do bloco, diminui a depend\u00eancia de provedores norte-americanos e projeta os pa\u00edses integrantes do BRICS como protagonistas da infraestrutura digital global do futuro (InfoBRICS, 2025)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>REFER\u00caNCIAS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CLINGENDAEL INSTITUTE. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unpacking China\u2019s Digital Silk Road<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The Clingendael Institute \u2014 Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.clingendael.org\/archive\/online_library\/unpacking-chinas-digital-silk-road\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/docs.clingendael.org\/archive\/online_library\/unpacking-chinas-digital-silk-road<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CAIXIN. China amends Cybersecurity Law to add first-ever AI clause. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caixin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 29 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caixinglobal.com\/2025-10-29\/china-amends-cybersecurity-law-to-add-first-ever-ai-clause-102376988.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.caixinglobal.com\/2025-10-29\/china-amends-cybersecurity-law-to-add-first-ever-ai-clause-102376988.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CHINA. National People\u2019s Congress (NPC). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China approves amendment to cybersecurity law<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Beijing: NPC (Standing Committee), 28 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn\/2025-10\/29\/c_1136116.htm\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn\/2025-10\/29\/c_1136116.htm<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CHINA ORGANIZATION. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China weighs draft amendment to cybersecurity law to better promote, regulate sound AI development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. China.org.cn, 24 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/2025-10\/24\/content_118140985.shtml\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/2025-10\/24\/content_118140985.shtml<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PEOPLE\u2019S DAILY \/ XINHUA. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China approves amendment to cybersecurity law; AI governance emphasized<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. People\u2019s Daily (English\/Xinhua), 28\u201329 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.people.cn\/n3\/2025\/1029\/c90000-20383144.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/en.people.cn\/n3\/2025\/1029\/c90000-20383144.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SCIO \u2014 STATE COUNCIL INFORMATION OFFICE. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Draft law amendment highlights AI safety, development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. SCIO (pressroom), 24 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/english.scio.gov.cn\/pressroom\/2025-10\/24\/content_118140471.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/english.scio.gov.cn\/pressroom\/2025-10\/24\/content_118140471.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BELLI, Luca. BRICS countries and AI sovereignty: Introduction to Thematic Section. The African Journal of Information and Communication (AJIC), n. 35, p. 1-4, 2025. DOI: 10.23962\/ajic.i35.23192. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scielo.org.za\/pdf\/ajic\/v35\/04.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/scielo.org.za\/pdf\/ajic\/v35\/04.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BRICS TODAY. The Digital Silk Road: Cybersecurity and Tech Alliances in the BRICS Bloc. 28 fev. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bricstoday.com\/the-digital-silk-road-cybersecurity-and-tech-alliances-in-the-brics-bloc\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bricstoday.com\/the-digital-silk-road-cybersecurity-and-tech-alliances-in-the-brics-bloc\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DRISHTI IAS. BRICS 5G Innovation Base. 26 ago. 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/daily-news-analysis\/brics-5g-innovation-base\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/daily-news-analysis\/brics-5g-innovation-base<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>DINH TON, Minh Duc; VU, Phuong Linh.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Harmonization of Data Regulation: International Approaches and Recommendations for the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework. In: <\/span><b>OUELLET, Richard; LY, Van Anh; NGUYEN, Ngoc Ha; HA, Cong Anh Bao (orgs.)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repenser les fronti\u00e8res \u00e9conomiques \/ Rethinking Economic Borders<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. [S.l.]: TeseoPress, 2025. p. 367\u2011376. ISBN 978\u20111\u2011917723\u201123\u20117. DOI: 10.55778\/ts917723237. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.teseopress.com\/repenserlesfrontiereseconomiques\/chapter\/harmonization-of-data-regulation-international-approaches\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.teseopress.com\/repenserlesfrontiereseconomiques\/chapter\/harmonization-of-data-regulation-international-approaches\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSTITUTO DE PESQUISA ECON\u00d4MICA APLICADA (Ipea). QUEIROZ, S\u00e9rgio; DIREITO, Denise. Intelig\u00eancia artificial nos pa\u00edses do BRICS: soberania, est\u00e1gios de desenvolvimento e diferentes perspectivas. Texto para Discuss\u00e3o, n. 3132, Rio de Janeiro: Ipea, jun. 2025. 78 p. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/repositorio.ipea.gov.br\/handle\/11058\/17370\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/repositorio.ipea.gov.br\/handle\/11058\/17370<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AGBEBI, Motolani. China\u2019s Digital Silk Road and Africa\u2019s Technological Future. [s. l.]: Tampere University Research Portal, 1 fev. 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202203232703\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202203232703<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DRISHTI IAS. BRICS 5G Innovation Base. 26 ago. 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/daily-news-analysis\/brics-5g-innovation-base\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/daily-news-analysis\/brics-5g-innovation-base<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NATIONAL PEOPLE\u2019S CONGRESS (NPC). China approves amendment to Cybersecurity Law, highlighting safe AI development. Beijing: Xinhua, 28 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.npc.gov.cn\/2025-10\/29\/c_1136120.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/en.npc.gov.cn\/2025-10\/29\/c_1136120.htm<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">STATE COUNCIL INFORMATION OFFICE (SCIO). Draft law amendment highlights AI safety, development. Beijing: Xinhua, 24 out. 2025. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/english.scio.gov.cn\/pressroom\/2025-10\/24\/content_118140471.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/english.scio.gov.cn\/pressroom\/2025-10\/24\/content_118140471.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>* Vict\u00f3ria de Aquino \u00e9 pesquisadora do LabGRIMA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Rota da Seda Digital (Digital Silk Road \u2014 DSR) constitui, na pr\u00e1tica, um vetor de proje\u00e7\u00e3o normativa e infraestrutural cuja efic\u00e1cia geopol\u00edtica depende diretamente da exist\u00eancia de um corpus jur\u00eddico nacional que legitime e operacionalize, interna e externamente, a soberania digital chinesa.<\/p><p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/2025\/11\/11\/rota-da-seda-digital-a-emenda-legislativa-de-2025-e-a-projecao-normativa-chinesa-por-victoria-de-aquino\/\">Continue lendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1515,"featured_media":707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75,21,28,1],"tags":[108,4],"class_list":["post-2489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-expert-opinions","category-labgrima-expert","category-news","category-noticias","tag-ciberseguranca","tag-geopolitica","nodate","item-wrap"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/files\/2020\/12\/WT-e1764888133523.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1515"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2489"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2511,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489\/revisions\/2511"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.ufpel.edu.br\/labgrima\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}